Finished Product |
Ingredient |
Phosphate Function |
Baked Goods |
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Baking Powder |
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate 28, Monocalcium Phosphate |
Acid-Base reaction with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) |
Cakes, Mixes |
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, Monocalcium Phosphate, Salp |
Moderate action leavening; double action leavening |
Cake Donuts |
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate 40, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate 43 |
Fast action Leavening |
Refrigerated Dough |
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate 22 |
Heat activated leavening |
Beverages |
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Colas |
Phosphoric Acid |
Acidulant |
Chocolate Milk |
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate |
Suspend cocoa |
Dry Mixes |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Prevent caking; clouding agent |
Buttermilk |
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Disodium Phosphate |
Maintain protein dispersion |
Orange Juice |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Calcium and Phosphorus fortification |
Strawberry Flavor Milk |
Tetrasodium Phosphate |
Bind iron to maintain pink color |
Cereals |
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Cooked Cereals |
Disodium PhosphateTricalcium Phosphate |
Decrease cooking time; Calcium and phosphorus fortification |
Extruded, Dry Cereals |
Disodium Phosphate, Trisodium Phosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate |
Aid in the flow through extruder; calcium and phosphorus fortification |
Cheese |
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Cottage Cheese |
Phosphoric Acid |
Direct set by acidification |
Dips and Sauces |
Disodium Phosphate, Trisodium Phosphate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate |
Emuslifying Action |
Imitation |
Disodium Phosphate |
Emulsifying Action |
Cheese Slices |
Disodium Phosphate, Trisodium Phosphate |
Emulsifying Action |
Starter Cultures |
Disodium Phosphate, Di potassium Phosphate |
Inhibit Phage |
Chip Dips |
Disodium Phosphate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Sodium Tripolyphosphate |
Maintain homogeneity |
Baked Chips |
Monocalcium Phosphate |
Develop characteristic surface |
Imitation Dairy Products |
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Non-dairy creamer |
Dipotassium Phosphate |
Buffer for smooth mixing into coffee |
Frozen desserts |
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Whipped topping |
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Egg Products |
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Whole |
Monosodium Phosphate, Monopotassium Phosphate |
Color stability |
Egg whites |
Sodium Hexa meta phosphate |
Improve whipping, foam stability |
Fruit |
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Tomatoes, berries |
Monocalcium Phosphate |
Maintain firmness when canned |
Ice Cream |
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Hard, soft, imitation |
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate |
Prevent churning or gritty texture development of fat |
Meat Products |
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Ham, corned beef |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Sodium Tripolyphosphate/Sodium Hexametaphosphate Blends |
Moisture binding |
Sausage, franks, bologna |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Tetrapotassium PhosphateTetrapotassium Phosphate |
Emulsion development |
Roast beef |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate |
Moisture binding |
Pasta |
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Pasta products |
Disodium Phosphate |
Decrease cook time |
Potatoes |
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Baked Potato Chips |
Monocalcium Phosphate |
Create the bubbles |
French Fries, hash browns, potato flakes |
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate |
Bind iron to inhibit iron induced blackening |
Poultry Products |
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Poultry products |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate; Sodium Tripolyphosphate/Sodium Hexametaphosphate Blends |
Moisture binding |
Carcass washes |
Trisodium Phosphate |
Remove Salmonella and Campylobacter (bacterial pathogens) |
Dairy Gels |
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Puddings, instant cheesecakes |
Monocalcium Phosphate, Disodium Phosphate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate |
Salts to develop the thickened texture |
Seafood |
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Shrimp |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate |
Mechanical peeling of shrimp |
Canned Crab |
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate |
Bind copper from blood to prevent blue discoloration |
Canned Tuna |
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate |
Adjust pH to prevent struvite formation (crystals that look like glass) |
Surimi |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate/Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Blends |
Cryoprotectant to protein |
Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics
Finished Product |
Ingredient |
Phosphate Function |
Vitamins |
Tricalcium Phosphate, Dimagnesium Phosphate |
Calcium and phosphorus |
Prescription and Over the Counter (OTC) Tablets |
Dicalcium Phosphate, Tricalcium phosphate |
Inert ingredient to fill and bind tablets |
Toothpaste |
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate |
Abrasive |
Tooth Gels |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate |
Whitening agent |
Tartar Control Gels and Pastes |
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate |
Tartar control |
Smoker’s Toothpolish |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Abrasive to remove stain |
Opthalmics |
Mono- and Di- Sodium Phosphates |
Buffers to maintain a given pH |
Tube Feedings |
Monopotassium Phosphate, Mono- and Di- sodium phosphates |
Potassium and/or Sodium replacing ingredient |
Intravenous Fluids |
Monopotassium Phosphate |
Potassium replacing electrolyte |
Mouthwash |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate |
Tartar control ingredients |
Cosmetics |
Mono- and Di- sodium phosphates |
Buffers |
Effervescent Tablets |
Monocalcium Phosphate, Monohydrate |
Production of carbon dioxide (CO2) via acid-base reaction with sodium bicarbonate |
Bath Crystals |
Monosodium Phosphate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate |
Control of pH |
Other Important Uses
Finished Product |
Ingredient |
Phosphate Function |
Antifreeze |
Dipotassium Phosphate |
Resistant to temperature extremes and buffer to maintain alkaline pH |
Asphalt Modification |
Polyphosphoric Acid |
Modifies paving grade asphalt to meet performance requirements |
Automatic Dishwashing Detergent |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate |
Softens water, suspends soil and serves as an anti-spotting agent |
Boiler Water |
Sodium or Potassium Tripolyphosphate; Sodium Hexametaphosphate; Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate |
Prevent the build up of scale in boilers; remove scale that may have accumulated |
Car Wash Detergent |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate |
Softens water, removes soils and keeps soil from redepositing |
Fire Extinguishers |
Mono- and Di- ammonium Phosphates |
Fire retardant |
Flat Panel Displays |
Phosphoric Acid |
Etchant and cleaner |
Heavy Duty Cleaners |
Trisodium Phosphates, Tetra- Sodium and Potassium Pyrophosphates, Sodium Potassium Pyrophosphate |
Remove oils and greases |
Industrial and Institutional Cleaners |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate |
Softens water, dissolves fats and oils and keeps them from redepositing |
Integrated Circuitry |
Phosphoric Acid |
Etchant and cleaner |
Latex Paint |
Sodium Potassium Tripolyphosphate, Potassium Tripolyphosphate |
Dispersing Agent |
Milk Scale Removal |
Phosphoric Acid |
Dissolves calcium based milk scale on dairy processing equipment |
Organic Synthesis |
Polyphosphoric Acid |
Production of phosphate esters and catalysts in organic reactions; Synthesis of dyes |
Paint and Wall Cleaner |
Trisodium Phosphate, Dodecahydrate |
Removes oil, grease and soils |
Metal Cleaning |
Phosphoric Acid, Monosodium Phosphate |
Remove grease and coatings prior to painting |
Metal Finishing (Anodizing) |
Phosphoric Acid |
Creates bright, shiny finish to metal |
Water Softening |
Sodium HexametaphosphateSodium Tripolyphosphate |
Bind Calcium and Magnesium |
Water Treatment |
Phosphoric AcidSodium Acid Pyrophosphate |
Form surface coating on pipes to prevent leaching of lead; sequester minerals as iron |
Oil Drilling |
Sodium Hexametaphosphate |
Make drilling muds more flowable |
Fertilizers |
Monoammonium Phosphate; Diammonium Phosphate ; Dipotassium Phosphate |
Nutrients for plant growth |
Citric Acid Fermentations |
Dipotassium Phosphate |
Growth factor |
Cotton Processing |
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate |
Bind iron and vanadium that hinder peroxide bleach |
Synthetic Rubber |
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate |
Catalyst for butadiene and styrene |
Styrofoam Production |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Polymerization aid |
Gypsum Wallboard |
Sodium Trimetaphosphate |
Firming of the composition board |
Modified Starch |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ; Sodium Trimetaphosphate |
Produce starch mono- and di- esters in sealers and coatings |
Paper Processing |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate; Sodium Hexametaphosphate |
Dispersants for coating loads, colorants and resins |
Ceramics |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Impart opalescent |
Oven Proof Bakeware |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Impart heat resistance |
Photocopier Toner |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Dispersing agent |
Industrial Sodium Chloride |
Tricalcium Phosphate |
Anticaking agent |
Refractory |
Phosphoric Acid |
Impart heat resistance for processing in the steel industry |
Cement |
Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Monofluorophosphate |
Retard or delay the thickening of cement slurries especially when poured at great depths |
Dyeing Wool |
Diammonium Phosphate |
Control of pH in dye bath to allow even penetration of dye through the wool |